Ngaba i-thea isebenza ngakumbi kunotywala babo?

Izakhiwo zokuthelekisa kunye ne-Boing kwi-enia kunye ne-alcohols

I-joecular ijometri kunye ne-hybridization

I-TNANA kunye notywala, ngaphandle kokuba neendlela ezifanayo zemolekyuli, zahlukile kwizimo ezimalunga neemolekyuli zazo. I-Otom ye-Othergen kuzo zombini ii-scollols yi-SP3 ye-SP3, ibanike iJometri yaseTetradraral. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko wokulwa ulwakhiwo lulele kumaqela e-alkyl bachukumisa ioksijini. Kwii-shospres, ioksijini ibotshwe kwi-hydrogen, yenza iqela le-OH, oh, ngelixa i-ebhuku, ioksijini idityaniswe phakathi kwamaqela amabini alkyl, r - r '. I-Bocle ye-bod kwi-Dimyethyl ithother imalunga ne-112 i-degrees, ibonisa iziphumo zentsholongwane ezingekhoyo emanzini kunye notywala ngenxa yobukho bamaqela amaqela amaMethyl.

I-Bodboy ye-polay kunye nomzuzu weDipole

Umahluko we-electronegative phakathi kwekhabhoni kunye neoksijini kwi-enima inika umzuzu omncinci weDipole. Nangona kunjalo, abanakho ukuswela amandla okuboleka i-hydrogen, echaphazela iipropathi zabo zomzimba. I-Eich inomvando we-dipole ngenxa yoxinaniso lwe-elektroni malunga neoksijini, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-hydrogen atom yokwaleka, unxibelelwano lwabo lubekelwe umda kwi-hydrogen ye-hydrogen echaphazela kakhulu i-solecular ichaphazele intsebenzo kunye nokuphinda kwenziwe kwakhona.

IPROPRTSIRTIST ZOBUCHULE BOKUGQIBELA

Amanqaku abilayo kunye nokuzinza

I-Thumani ibonisa amanqaku asezantsi abilayo kuneso sotywala babo ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-hydrogen bond phakathi kweemolekyuli. Oku kubenza baguquke kwaye badla ngokusetyenziswa njengamasoluli kwizicelo zemveliso. Umzekelo, indawo yokubila ye-dimyethyl i-thotheryl ijikeleze - I-24 ° C, iphantsi kakhulu kune-Ethanol ye-Ethanol ka-78 ° C, ibalaselisa umahluko kwimikhosi engathandabuzekiyo.

I-Solidality emanzini nasezinyibilikeni ze-organic

I-Ethen inokwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen ngamanzi, okukhokelela kwinqanaba elithile lokuluka, nangona isezantsi kunezo zotywala. Ukuzola kwabo kuncipha njengoko ubude be-hydrocarbon bonyuka. Ewe, nangona kunjalo, inyibilikisiwe kakhulu kwiinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo, ezenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengedayi kunye neziqholo kwiifektri zamaTshayina kunye nabathengisi.

Indima yeHydrogen Bills kwi-alcohols

Amandla e-Intermolecular kunye nokukhula

Ubukho beebhondi ze-hydrogen kwizifo zeempepha zotywala zichaphazela kakhulu iipropathi zabo kwaye ziphinde ziphinde. I-aldrogen fomula i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen kunye nezinye iimolekyuli, ezikhokelela kumanqaku aphezulu abilayo kunye nomoya oxhobileyo emanzini. Oku khulaza nokwenza ilutyheli i-alcotse isebenza ngendlela yokufakelwa okufana nayo ngokuthelekiswa neentshaba.

I-Chemistry kwizicelo zemveliso

Kwiseto semizi-mveliso kwimimandla efana neChina, ukuvela kwakhona kunye nokuzinza kweenjineli zibavumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula ngeendlela zokuphendula. Ukwazi kwabo ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-hydrogen ye-hydrogen kubaluleke kakhulu kwindlela emininzi yokwaziqokelela eququzelelene neefektri kunye nabathengisi.

I-Tothen Solubaility kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweSholvent

Ukusebenza kweSolvent

Ngenxa yobuchule babo bokuyichitha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo, zoncedo zisebenza njengezinyibilikisileyo. Ukuzenzela kwabo kwizinyibilikisi eziphilayo kuphucula isicelo sabo kwiinkqubo zekhemizili, ngakumbi kuseto loshishino kwi-China, apho abathengisi baxhamle kwi-chiection ngenkqubela phambili.

Isinyibilikisi - Ukuqwalaselwa ngokhuseleko

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwabo, iintsapho zibeka emngciphekweni wokhuseleko olufana nokwenza iiperoxides eziqhumayo. Izikhokelo ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha kunye nezibonelelo zokugcina - ngakumbi kwiindawo zefektri-kufuneka zilandelwe ukunciphisa ezi ntsika. Ababoneleli kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iincwadi zifunyanwa kwaye zigcinwe ngononophelo olukhulu, ziqwalasele amandla abo okusabela okuyingozi.

Uzinzo lweekhemikhali: ii-vs vs

Ukuchasana Nempendulo

I-Thrist ngokubanzi ibonakalisa ukuphinda iphile phantsi ngokuthelekisa i-alcohols ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabo ukunikela ngeebhondi ze-hydrogen. Olu hlazo luyingenelo kwizicelo apho i-not - i-Reagadicima iyadingeka, njengokugcina iimeko ze-InterTHings kwi-Synthes yeKhemikhali.

Isicelo seSynthesic Synthesis

Kwizicelo ezininzi zokwazi ukuthembeka, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zamaTshayina ezommiselo, ukuvela okuphantsi kwethuba. Banokusebenza njengezinyibiliki ezingaphazamisi iireyithi okanye iimveliso, iinkqubo ezixhasayo ezinomdla kwiimeko ezisebenzayo.

Ukusebenza kwakhona nge-AIDD: Ukucoca ii-TANA kunye notywala

Iindlela ze-acid cleavage

Ewe, xa siphantsi kwe-AIDs eyomeleleyo ethanda i-hydromic okanye i-hydroiadiadia acid, phantsi kwe-cleavid ukwenza i-alkyl halides. I-alcohols, ngokwahlukileyo, inokuphelelwa ngumzimba phambi kwee-acids ukwenza i-Alkenes. Lo mahluko ekusebenzeni kwakhona

Ixabiso lokuthelekisa

I-alcolols isabela ngokukhawuleza nge-AIDS kunaselwathi ngenxa yokukhululeka kwiqela elikhukulisekileyo kwiQela le-hydroxyl, iququzelela ukuphendula okulandelayo. Oku kukhawuleza ukubuya kuchaphazela indlela abaxhasi be-Chemical Placialic Camic Caciclic, ukukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kumacandelo ngamacandelo.

I-Autoxidation yee-EAB: Iinkxalabo zokhuseleko

Ukuqulunqwa kwePeroxides

I-Ethers ixhonywe kwi-autexition, esenza iiperoxides ezinokuqhushumba. Le nkqubo inobungozi ikakhulu ngexesha lokuphatha, njengoko i-hydroperoperoxies igxile. Ishishini lekhemikhali, kubandakanya neefektri eTshayina, kufuneka lisebenzise iiprothokholi ezingqongqo ukhuseleko ukulawula le mingcipheko.

Ukugcina kunye nokuphatha amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ukunciphisa ukwenziwa kwe-peroxide, iintsapho kufuneka zigcinwe kunye nezixhobo kunye neziqulatho ezingenakuchazwa kweoksijini. Abathengisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba la manyathelo okhuseleko ahambelana ukuze kuthintele iingozi, ngenxa yoko, ukugcina imeko ekhuselekileyo yemizi-mveliso.

Izicelo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweMizi-mveliso ye-Eonis kunye notywala

Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso

Zombini ii-scollos kunye notywala zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo. I-Ethers isebenze njengamanyibilikisi nakwiindawo ezinqabileyo, ngelixa izicophozo zifumana ukusebenzisa iimveliso zobuqu kwaye ziphakathi kwezinto eziphakathi kwiikhemikhali. Ishishini lekhemikhali, ngakumbi eTshayina, lixhomekeke kakhulu kwimida eyahlukileyo yezi zinto zikhongisiweyo.

Indima kwiinkqubo zeMveliso

Kwimizi-mveliso yamaTshayina, ukhetho phakathi kweentsapho kunye notywala kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yokwenziwa, ukulinganisa ukulungisa indawo, ukuntywila, kunye nokhuseleko. Abathengisi bahambisa iminikelo yabo yokuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zeshishini ezahlukeneyo, baqinisekisa ukhuphiswano kwintengiso yehlabathi.

I-Synthesis kunye nenguqu esebenzayo

Izicwangciso zobuchule ze-organic

I-ENTSA kunye ne-alcohols zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ze-syntheshes kunye nenguqu kwi-chemistry ye-organic. I-alcohols idla ngokuguqulwa ibe kukhuselwe ku-the dade ukuba khuselwe ngexesha lokutsalwa kwezixhobo ezininzi

Sebenzisa amaqela okhuselo

Ukuguqulwa kotywala ukuya kuShotsello kwiintsapho kunokusebenza njengamacebo amaqela okhusela, ukuthintela ukuphendula okungafunekiyo ngexesha lokutsalela okuntsonkothileyo. Obu buchule busetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngababoneleli baseTshayina kwimveliso yokuhamba ngemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwimveliso yemichiza.

Iindlela ezivelayo kunye nezikhokelo zophando lwexesha elizayo

I-Innovations kwiSynthesic Synthesis

Uphando luyaqhubeka nokuphucula ukwenziwa kwakhona kunye nokwenza oonina kunye notywala. Inkqubela phambili eCatalysis kunye ne-chemistry eluhlaza ivule indlela entsha yezi zinto zikhongisiweyo kwizicelo zemveliso, ngakumbi kwicandelo lekhemikhali elikhawulezayo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqwalaselwa kokusiNgqongileyo nezokhuseleko

Njengoko inkxalabo yendalo esingqongileyo, ishishini lekhemikhali kufuneka ligxile ekuyileni iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo, ngakumbi ezizinzileyo ezibandakanya oonina kunye notywala. Iifektri kunye nabathengisi e-China baphambili kwizisombululo ezihlangabezana nemiceli mngeni ngelixa ugcina ukusebenza kwemveliso.

I-Baoran Chemical Ukubonelela ngezisombululo

Imichiza ye-Baoran imile ngaphambili ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo zekhemicali zekhemikhali nezikhuselekileyo. Ngohlobo oluphambili kunye neeprotokholi zokhuseleko, siqinisekisa ukuba ii-Ean kunye nee-alcohols zelokishi ziphezulu. Ukuzinikela kwethu kuzinzo noKhuseleko kuyahambelana nenjongo yethu yokuxhasa amashishini ekusebenzeni iinkqubo zabo. Njengomthengisi ophambili, imichiza ye-Baoran ixhotyiswe ukuba ifezekise iimfuno zokuvela kwimarike yehlabathi, ihlangula kungekuphela nje iimveliso, kodwa izisombululo ezikhuthaza ukuzithemba nokuqhuba impumelelo.