Nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻohālikelike a me ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea aloha a me nā alchols
Molecular geometry a me ka hybridization
ʻO nā alphalls a me nā alchoolls,ʻoiai i ka loaʻaʻana o nāʻano likeʻole e like me nāʻano molela likeʻole ʻO ka Oxygen Atom i nā mea a me nā alphals a me nā alchols he sp3 hybridized, hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi geomedry geometry. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa i nā mea hoʻonohonoho i loko o nā hui Alkyl i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka oxygen. I nā alcohols, e hoʻopaʻaʻia ka oxygen i kahi hydrogen, e hoʻopili ana i kahi - Oh Group, i loko o nā huiʻelua ʻO ka pūpū i loko o Dimometl eter ma kahi o 112 degere, e hōʻike ana i nā hopena steric e hōʻike ana i ka wai a me nā alcohols ma mua o nā hui o Mithyl.
ʻO ka Bond Bond Poings a me Dipole
ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka electronegattivity ma waena o ka carbon a me ka oxygen i nā mea i hāʻawiʻia i nā mea i hāʻawiʻia i kahi manawa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe,ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i ka hikiʻana i ka hydrogen i ka hikiʻana i nā alcohols, e pili ana i ko lākou mau kino kino. Loaʻa i nā makuahine ma muli o ka manawa nui ma muli o keʻano uila e pili ana i ka oxygen, me kaʻole o ka nui o nā mea hoʻonaninani i ka waihoʻoluʻu
Mauʻano pilikino e kūleʻa ana i nāʻokoʻa
Nā helu a me nā mea hoʻohilahila
Hōʻike pinepineʻo Eart i nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ko lākou waiʻona waihoʻoluʻu ma muli o ka loaʻaʻole o ka haydrogen ma waena o nā mowcules. Hana kēia iā lākou i nā leo a me ka pinepine i hoʻohana pinepineʻia e like me nā mea e pili ana i nā noi o kaʻoihana. No ka manawa,ʻo keʻano o ka dimuletyl o ka dimometl eter a puni - 24 ° C, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou mauʻokoʻa.
Mālama i ka wai a me nā mea hoʻoponopono maikaʻi
Hiki i nā makuahine ke hana i nā mea paʻa hydrogen me ka wai, e hopena ana i kekahi pae o ka palekana,ʻoiai ma lalo o nā alcohols. Ua hoʻemiʻia kā lākou mea hoʻonā i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka hydrocarbon caly. ʻO nā makuahine, akā, hoʻomoʻi nui loa i nā mea hana kūlohelohe, e hana ana iā lākou no nā noi likeʻole a me nā mea hana.
Role o ka hydrogen i ka wā o nā alcohols
Nā mea pili pili a me nā hana hou
ʻO ka heleʻana o ka hydrogen e paʻa i nā molena waiʻona i ka hopena o ka waiʻona i ko lākou mau kino kino a me ka hana houʻana. Hoʻopiliʻo Achologolls i nā paʻa hydrogen ikaika me lākou iho a me nā molena'ē aʻe, e hopena ana i nā koho koho kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea paʻa i ka wai. Hana houʻia kēia mea i nā alluhols hou aku i nā mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i nāʻoihana i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā nahesa.
ʻO Chemistry i nā noi hana
I nā hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele i loko o nā wahi e like me Kina, eʻae ka hopena a me ka kūpaʻa o nā alchols i mea e koi ai i nāʻano likeʻole. ʻO kā lākou hiki ke komo i loko o ka boddrogen bonder he koʻikoʻi ma nā ala he nui i hoʻopaʻaʻia e nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
ʻO nā noi a me nā noi a me nā noi
ʻOihana Hana Pūnaewele
Ma muli o kā lākou hana hana e hoʻokaʻawale i nāʻano likeʻole o nā mea kūlohelohe, e lawelawe ana i nā mea e pono ai. ʻO kā lākou mea paʻa i ka mea hoʻoponopono i nā mea hoʻokele i kā lākou noi i nā kaʻina hana pono,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nāʻoihana a me nā lako hana.
Hoʻopau - Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai
ʻOiai kā lākou pono, nā manaʻo palekana e like me nā pilikia palekana e like me ka hanaʻana i nā peroxides explosive. ʻO ka mālama ponoʻana a me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi i nāʻoihana-pono i loko o nā wahiʻoihana-pono e hahai e hahai i kēia mau pilikia. Pono nā mea hoʻolako e hōʻoia i ka waiwai a mālamaʻia e nā mea aloha a mālamaʻia me ka mālama nui, e noʻonoʻo ana i ko lākou hikiʻana i nā hopena pilikia.
Chestical stability: nā meaʻona vs. Alcohols
Pale i ka hopena
Hōʻike pinepine ka makemake i ka hana haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā alcohols ma muli o ko lākou hikiʻole ke hāʻawi i nā mea paʻa e hāʻawi i nā mea paʻa hydrogen. He mea maikaʻi kēia paʻa i nā noi ma kahi e pono ai keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e like me ka mālamaʻana i nā kūlana i loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Mea noi i ka synthesis chemika
I nā noi he nui, kūikawā ma nā kaʻina hanaʻoihana Kina,ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā makuahine he mea maikaʻi ia. Hiki iā lākou ke hana e like me nā mea e hoʻopili ai i nā mea hanaʻole e hoʻopiliʻoleʻia me nā mea hana a iʻole nā huahana
ʻO ka hana houʻana me nā ACADS: Cleavage o ka National a me nā alchools
Nā Alahana o Acid Cleavage
ʻO nā makuahine, ke kauʻia nei i nā ake ikaika e like me ka hydrobromic a iʻole hydroodic a iʻole hydroodic. ʻO ACHOOLS, ma o ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana, hiki ke hoʻopauʻia i ke alo o nā acids e hana ai i nā uku. ʻO kēiaʻokoʻa i ka hana houʻana i nā ala e pono ai ke kohoʻana i nā mea hana no nā kaʻina hana maʻamau
Nā helu hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike
Ua hana houʻo Acroohols me nā acids ma mua o nā mea e hana ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka hui hydroxyl Hoʻokomoʻia kēia hana wikiwiki i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai nā mea hoʻolako i nā kaʻina hana e pono ai, nā koho koho a me ka noiʻana o kēia mau pūnaehana i nā'āpana likeʻole.
Autoxidation o Ethers: Nā hopohopo palekana
Ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā peroxides
ʻO nā makuahine e hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka autoixidation, e hana ana i nā peroxides e hiki ke ho'āla. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana pinepineʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana, e like me ka hydroperoxides e hoʻopili pono ai. ʻO kaʻenehana kemika, e komo pū me nā mea hana ma Kina, pono e hoʻokō i nā protocols palekana palekana e hoʻokele i kēia mau pilikia.
Ka mālamaʻana a me ka mālamaʻana
No ka hōʻemiʻana i ka hana peroxide, pono e mālamaʻia nā makemake i nā mea i loko a me nā mea i loko o ka maʻi oxygen. Pono nā mea hāʻawiʻike e hōʻoia i kēia mau hana palekana i hiki ke pale i nā pōpilikia, no laila mālama i ka hoʻokele palekana.
ʻO nā noi a me nāʻoihana hoʻohana o nāʻohana a me nā mea inu
Nā noi hanaʻenehana
Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia nā poʻe kāne a me nā alphadols ma nāʻoihana likeʻole. Ka lawelaweʻana i nā mea e pili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau,ʻoiaiʻo nā mea inu e loaʻa i nā huahana mālama pilikino a me nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia ma nā hale kūʻai pilikino. ʻO kaʻenehana kemika, maʻamau ma Kina, e hōʻoluʻolu nui i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o kēia mau pūpū.
Role ma nā kaʻina hana hana
I nā meaʻike aupuni, kohoʻia ma waena o nā mea kahiko a me nā iwiʻole i nā koi kiko'ī o ka hana hana, e kaomi ana i ka hana hou, a palekana hoʻi. Mālama i nā mea kūʻai aku i kā lākou mau mōhai e hālāwai ai i kēia mau mea hanaʻenehana e pono ai, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokūkū ma ka mākeke honua.
Synthesis a me nā loli hana
Nā hoʻolālā i loko o ka synthes o keʻano
Hāʻawi nā poʻe a me nā alphals i nā ala nui no ka synthesis a me nā hoʻololi i ka chemistry organic. Ua hoʻololi pinepineʻia nā alcohols i nā maʻi no ka paleʻana i ka wā o ka nui o ka mulc -
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hui pale
ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o nā alcohols i nā mea e hiki ai ke lawelawe e like me nā hoʻolālā palekana e paleʻia ai, pale i nāʻano makemake makemakeʻole i ka wā paʻakikī. Hoʻohana nuiʻia kēiaʻano hana i nā mea kūʻai aku Kina i ka hana hoʻoweliweli a hoʻonui i ka hana kūpono ma ka hanaʻoihana.
E kū mai nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā kuhikuhi noiʻi hou aʻe
Innovations i loko o ka synthesis chemtical
Hoʻomau ka noiʻiʻana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hou a me ka pono o nā mea aloha a me nā alcholl. ʻO nā holomua ma ka catlysis a me ke aniani'ōmaʻomaʻo e wehe i nā ala hou no kēia mau mea pili i nā noi o kaʻoihana.
Nā noʻonoʻo a me nā noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo
E like me ka hopohopo o ka kaiāulu, pono keʻano o kaʻoihana kemika e pili ana i ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka palekana,ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻina hana a me nā alchooll. ʻO nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma Kina aia ma mua o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā hopena e hoʻomohala ai i kēia mau pilikia e hoʻomau ana i ka hanaʻoihana.
Hāʻawiʻo Baoran i nā hopena
ʻO Baoran Chemical e kū ana ma mua o ka mua o ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me ka palekana. Ma o kaʻenehana loea a me nā mea palekana palekana palekana ʻO kā mākou kuleana e mālama i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana a me nā palekana palekana me kā mākou pahuhopu e kākoʻo i nāʻoihana i ke kākoʻoʻana i kā lākou kaʻina hana. E like me ke alakaʻiʻana i ka mea kūʻai aku, ua hoʻolakoʻia ka chemical chemical e hoʻokō i nā koi e neʻe ana i ka mākeke o ka honua, akā e hoʻokō i nā huahana wale nō a hoʻokele i ka hilinaʻi.
Nānā Mīkini Uwau:Isomeric waiʻona eter